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This paper evaluates a one-stage technique to improve fresh water production from salty water by enhancing the evaporation and condensation. A pilot plant is designed and constructed in an arid area with 1 m2 solar water collector area to evaluate the one-stage process. The effect of main parameters on fresh water production of the unit is studied. The results show that, the productivity, efficiency,...
In the light of European energy-climate package and its measures for increasing security of supply, decreasing the impact on environment and stimulating sustainability, Croatia as a new EU (European Union) member state needs to reconsider and develop new energy policy towards energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. Croatian long-term energy demand and its effect on the future national GHG...
In this paper an exergo-environmental analysis of a reverse osmosis desalination plant in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) has been performed using real plant operation data. The plant has a nominal capacity of 82,000 m3/day. Different configurations are possible depending on the energy recovery, the reverse osmosis stages, the filtration technology or the feed water pressurization.The exergo-environmental...
In this paper a novel cross-flow HMX (heat and mass exchanger) utilizing the M-cycle (Maisotsenko cycle) for dew point indirect evaporative cooling has been tested for the performance evaluation in terms of thermal effectiveness and specific cooling capacity under various ambient and operational conditions. Additionally, the operational performance of the investigated HMX was examined on the base...
The paper presents a novel concept for thermodynamic evaluation of a selected energy system. The presented method has been developed by integration of the Thermo-Economic Analysis with the theory of Thermo-Ecological Cost. It can be applied as a thermodynamic evaluation method of rational resources management within any production system. It takes into account both the interrelation of irreversibility...
In the developing world, households often stack multiple fuels. In the case of India, they use both kerosene and electricity for lighting while cooking with both LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) and traditional biomass. Existing scholarship on fuel stacking largely relies on small surveys and does not investigate change over time. We leverage the nationally representative NSS (National Sample Survey)...
In the last years the electricity industry has faced a restructuring process. Among the aims of this process was the increase in competition, especially in the generation activity where firms would have an incentive to become more efficient. However, the competitive behavior of generating firms might jeopardize the expected benefits of the electricity industry liberalization. The present paper proposes...
In this paper, a constant-voltage power generation system based on a novel memory machine is proposed and implemented. The memory machine can offer direct and efficient air-gap flux control due to its creative integration of the memory concept and doubly-salient machine structure. By utilizing such memory machine in a direct-drive wind power generation, the resulting system can realize the constant-voltage...
Emission legislation that applies to engines used in shipping, rail and land power generation becomes increasingly strict. E.g. IMO Tier III applicable to sea-going vessels limits the NOx emission by 75% compared to IMO Tier II. Attaining these without sacrificing fuel consumption is a big challenge. This paper reports on engine internal measures that can provide a viable alternative to expensive...
Improving the performance of MSF (multi stage flash) desalination plants is a major challenge for desalination industry. High feed temperature in summer shortens the evaporation range of MSF plants and limits their yield. Installing a cooler at the feed intake expands the evaporation range of MSF plants and increases their yield. Adding a cooler and a mixing chamber increases the capital and operational...
The China's electricity consumption was 4966 TWh in 2012, which is the world top electricity consumer. The low carbon electricity is one of the key issues of its sustainable development. IRSP (integrated resource strategic planning) is a useful tool to implement DSM (demand side management) and power planning on the supply side. However, the role of interconnected smart grids with fast growing cross-region...
Owing to the recent advances in nanotechnology, one significant progress in energy technology is increased cooling ability. It has recently been shown that nanowires can improve pool boiling heat transfer due to the unique features such as enhanced wetting and enlarged nucleation sites. Applying such nanowires on a flow boiling, which is another major class of boiling phenomenon that is associated...
Recent studies have reported improved biogas and methane yield from marine biomass when the particle size is mechanically reduced and the specific surface area available to enzymes is increased prior to anaerobic incubation. Although the advantage of reducing the particle size has been identified, an ideal particle size that would offer greater yield with a positive energy balance has not been identified...
In gas turbine combined heat and power systems, steam injection is a good way to cope with seasonal variations in electricity and heat demands. However, even though thermal energy demand decreases considerably in cooling seasons, the surplus exhaust heat cannot be fully utilized for steam injection in conventional operation because of a reduction in compressor surge margin. This study suggests a modified...
Various metrics exist for energy security assessment along with a diffuse array of different strategies for improving national performance. These independent and interacted metrics overlap, however, and are rarely considered systematically. The objective of this study is to translate often subjective concepts of energy security into more objective criteria, to investigate the cause-effect relationships...
Technological processes in food industry require chilling agent. System of chillers can be driven by non-renewable or renewable sources. In the group of renewable sources solar collectors seem to be an attractive solution both as the basic or the auxiliary power source for adsorption refrigerators. The common tool for the evaluation of the refrigerator systems used in practice is the energy effectiveness...
Well integrated distributed photovoltaics (PVs) will help tomorrow's energy system become more sustainable. This paper highlights the net demand planning feasibility assessment to understand these dynamics. These dynamics underpins the technical feasibility when setting up high penetration of PVs within a new development area. Real measurements of disaggregated domestic electricity demand from three...
LED (Light Emitting Diode) has been expected as the next generation of lighting system due to its high efficiency. However, the hot spot problem of the LED is very critical for its lifetime and efficiency. TIMs (Thermal Interface Materials) have been used to enhance the cooling performance of the LED. However its thermal conductivity is not high enough to overcome the hot spot problem. In this study,...
CNT (carbon nanotube) yarns stretched in tension as mechanical springs are used to drive both electrical and mechanical loads in order to demonstrate the CNT yarns' potential for high power density, their potential for metered energy release, and their application to power practical systems. The energy-storing properties of the CNT yarn are characterized, and the design, operation, and characterization...
This paper proposes a new control strategy for an optimal extraction of output power from stand-alone windmill systems. The system consists of a variable-speed wind turbine directly coupled to a PMSG (permanent magnet synchronous generator), a diode bridge rectifier, a DC-to-DC boost converter, and a battery bank. This control method, with its higher speed, directly creates a control signal for handling...
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